The number of people who are self-employed and employed at the same time rose from 2.4 million to 3.4 million between 2001 and 2016. Dr Olivier Butkowski reported in his presentation at the workshop of the Institute of Economic and Social Research Institute of the Hans Böckler Stiftung in Düsseldorf at the beginning of June that the share of hybrid self-employed in all gainfully employed persons had also increased during this time.
The tendency towards hybrid self-employment has increased especially among older and married workers and those with children. Hybrid self-employment is also more widespread in western Germany than in eastern Germany.
