Starting in July 2019, midijobbers acquire full pension entitlements despite reduced contributions. This favours hybrid self-employed with midijob over-dependent employees. If the transitional limits that have been in effect since October 2022 had already been applied in 2018, there would have been more than half a million hybrid self-employed midijobbers in 2018. Four out of five generated positive profit income and would thus have benefited from the new regulation.
Policy Brief "Unternehmertum im Fokus" | 2023 Hybrid self-employed and paid employees with a mid-job
Kay, R.; Butkowski, O. (2023): Hybride Selbstständige und abhängig Beschäftigte mit Midijob – Ungleichbehandlung in der GRV, in: Förderkreis Gründungsforschung e.V. und IfM Bonn: Policy Brief 2/23, Bonn.